High Fashion验厂咨询-消防安全全解析之警报疏散及出口和灭火设备要求与规范

FIRE SAFETY消防安全

Fire Alarms
火灾警报
The entire building must be provided with a fire alarm.
整栋楼都必须装有火灾警报系统。
The alarm must be
报警声必须：
Distinct from other alarms
和其他报警声相区别
Used for fire and evacuation only
只能用于火灾时的疏散
Audible throughout the entire building
可以在整栋楼所有的地方都能听到
Take precedence over all other alarms
优先于其他报警声
Fire alarms should be either manual or automatic. Manual alarms consist of pull stations / boxes that require manual activation.
火灾警报可以是手动也可以是自动的，手动警报安装有需要手动激活的拉闸。
The fire alarm system should be activated from the production floor.
火灾警报系统必须能够在生产区域被激活。
Employees must know the location and purpose of the alarm button.
工人必须懂得火灾报警按钮的位置和目的。
All alarm devices should be tested regularly and a record kept of the tests.
所有的警报装置必须定期检测。

Evacuation
疏散
There must be a minimum of two emergency evacuation drills per year.
每年至少必须举办两次紧急疏散训练。
All new workers must be given evacuation drill training immediately.
所有的新员工都必须接受疏散训练作为入职培训的一部分。
The factory must keep a record of the evacuation drills.
厂方必须保存疏散训练的记录。

Evacuation Diagrams
紧急疏散线路图
Evacuation diagrams must be prominently posted around the factory.
紧急疏散的线路图必须在厂区四周永久贴出。
At a minimum, the diagrams must show clearly
紧急疏散线路图至少必须清晰地显示：
Actual Location, e.g. “You are here”
当前位置，例如：“你现在位于”
Emergency exit routes
紧急出口路线
Emergency exit doors
紧急出口
Location of assembly areas
集合区位置
Location of fire extinguishers and hoses
灭火器和水管位置
Locations of Alarms
火灾警报器位置

Assembly areas
集合区
All emergency exit routes must end at a yard, court or open space that gives safe access to a public way.
所有的紧急出口的终端应设在通往公共交通的开阔地带。
An assembly area must be established which is situated a safe distance from the hazard and not in the way of emergency traffic and activities.
须建有集合区，离开有害地点应有一个安全的距离并且不会阻隔紧急救援交通和行动。
An effective system should be established so that a roll call takes place at the assembly area and missing workers are quickly identified.
在集合地点应对员工进行点名以便迅速确认失踪的工人。

Exit Signs and Lights
出口标志和照明
Each exit should be marked with an “EXIT” sign from the egress side.
每个出口都必须在从内往外的一边设有“出口”标志。
Each “EXIT” sign lettering should be
每个“出口”标志的书写必须：
In the local language
使用当地语言
Letter 18cm/15cm (6 inches high)
每字的大小是18cm/15cm（6英寸高）
Brightly colored, contrasting with surrounding surfaces
色泽明朗、明暗对比度强烈、周围围边
Visible from up to 30 meters or 100 feet
最远30米或100英尺以外可以看到
Internally or externally illuminated.
标志内部或外部配有照明
Emergency lights are required and should be located above exits and in stairwells. Emergency lights should be battery-operated units that operate automatically when power fails and have a 1.5-hour capacity and 1 foot candle intensity.
要求装有应急灯并设在紧急出口之上和楼梯处。应急灯使用电池，在供电中断时会自动启动，具有1.5小时的容量和1英尺蜡烛的光强度。

Emergency Exit Routes
紧急出口通道
Evacuation diagrams should be prominently posted in each department and by each exit.
紧急疏散疏散的线路必须在每个区域的每个出口旁边永久贴出。
Exit routes should be clearly indicated on walls, columns and floors in a photo luminescent paint.
出口通道必须清楚地在墙壁，柱子，和地板上用反光油漆标明。
All exit routes should be unobstructed at all times.
所有通紧急出口的路线在任何时候都不能被阻塞。
Minimum exit requirements are
对紧急出口的最低要求是：
Buildings with 500-1000 employees must have 3 exits
容纳500至1000名名雇员的建筑物必须有3个出口
Buildings with 1000 or more employees must have 4 exits
容纳1000名以上雇员的建筑物必须有4个出口
Employees must have access to at least two safely distant from each other. The exits should be far enough apart that in the case of fire near one exit, workers can evacuate safely through the 2nd exit.
雇员起码必须有通往两个紧急出口的通道。两个出口之间必须有足够距离以便在一个出口附近发生火灾，人们仍有通往另一个出口的安全通道。
All exits should terminate to an outdoor public way.
所有出口必须通向户外的公共区域。
Aisles should be a minimum of 122cm (44 inches), including corridors.
走道的宽度至少为122cm（44英寸）
Travel from the most interior area to an exit should be no more than 61 meters (200 feet) in a non-sprinklered building and 76 maters (76 feet) in a fully automatic sprinkler protected building.
在没有消防喷淋的建筑物内，从最内部的地点通往一个安全出口的距离不得超过61米（200英尺）
No dead end corridors should exceed 15 meters (50 feet). People trying to escape a fire should not find themselves trapped.
一头堵死的走廊的长度不得超过15米（50英尺）。不能令从火灾现场逃生的人无路可走。

Emergency Exit Doors
安全出口的门
All exit doors should have a minimum width of 81cm (32 inches) and a maximum width of 122cm (48 inches).
所有安全出口的门最小宽度是81cm（32英寸），最大宽度是122cm（48英寸）。
The floor on each side of the exit doors should be level on both sides and the doors must open outward and easily from the egress side.
出口门两边的地面必须一样平，出口的门必须按逃生路线的方向可以容易的向外打开。
Exit doors and emergency exits are kept unlocked during working hours, including nighttime if the factory is operating.
工作时间出口的门和紧急出口不得被锁闭，如果夜间工厂仍运作，也不可锁闭。
If a door must be locked to prevent entry from outside there must be devices that allow the door to be opened easily from the inside.
为防止从外界进入而给安全门上锁的，这样的锁必须能使门从内部轻易地被打开。

Non-Exits
非紧急出口
Doors and corridors that could be mistaken as an emergency exit should be clearly sighed so that, in an emergency, people do not accidentally use the wrong door.
可能被误解为紧急出口的门或走廊必须有清晰的标志，以避免在紧急情况下员工误用。

Fire Extinguishers
灭火器

Type of Extinguisher
灭火器种类
Fire extinguishers should be labeled with the type of fire for which they are be used and any other information required by law.
必须贴有指示适用哪种火灾的标签以及法律规定的其它信息。
Class A:   Recommended for ordinary combustible fires.
Traveling distance must be within 25 meters (75 feet)
A型：适用于普通类型易燃品火灾，灭火距离必须在25米（75英尺）以内。
Class B:   Recommended for flammable liquid, gas or grease fires.
Traveling distance to a Class B extinguisher must be within 16 meters (50 feet)
B型：适用于可燃性液体，气体，或油脂火灾，灭火距离必须在16米（50英尺）以内。
Class C:   Recommended for electrical fires.
Must be easily available in case of an electrical fire.
C型：适用于电器火灾，必须在有电器火灾时易于取得。
Workers must be trained to use the appropriate fire extinguisher.
必须培训工人正确使用灭火器。

Condition of Extinguisher
灭火器维护
Operating instructions should be attached to the extinguisher or just above it.
使用说明必须附在灭火器上或放置地点之上。
Seals and tamper indications should not be broken or missing.
封和塞的说明不得破损或丢失。
Extinguishers should be fully charged.
灭火器必须完全填充。

Location of Extinguishers
放置地点
In large open factory floors extinguishers should be in the work area not just along the walls.
在大型敞开的厂房楼层，灭火器必须在工作区内而不仅只沿墙放置。
Extinguishers should be located in readily visible and designated areas that are not obstructed. It is recommended to paint a yellow box on the floor underneath extinguishers, extending one meter out from the wall and to instruct everyone that no product is allowed to be stored in those areas.
灭火器必须放在易于被看到的没有阻隔的指定地点，建议在灭火器下面的地板上用油漆画出一米见方的区域，并指示所有员工这些地点不能堆放任何东西。
Extinguishers should be placed at a height that all employees can reach them.
灭火器必须放置在所有员工可以拿到的高度。
If the extinguishers are mounted on a column a red band must be painted all the way around the column to allow it to be identified from all directions.
如灭火器被装在柱子上，该柱子四周必须涂上一圈红带，以便从各个方向均能看到。

Inspection
检查
There should be monthly inspections of fire extinguishers by facility staff.
厂内设备管理人员必须每月进行灭火器检查。
A qualified licensed company or the local fire authority should service extinguishers on an annual basis.
持证专业公司或当地消防部门至少必须每年对灭火器进行维护保养。
There must be a tag attached to each extinguisher to record the inspection date and the inspectors name or initials.
灭火器必须带有一个标签来记录检查时间及检查人的姓名或缩写。

Fire Hoses/Hydrants
消防水龙带/消防栓
Fire hoses should be in good condition, accessible and not blocked by storage or equipment.
消防水龙带必须状况良好、易于取到并不为储存物和设备阻隔。
Hoses and standpipes must be inspected and tested at least annually for flow and pressure.
水龙带和竖管的水流和压力至少必须每年检查和测试。
Records of inspections should be kept, including tagging the hoses.
检查记录必须存档。
Workers must be trained to use the fire hoses.
必须培训工人如何正确使用水龙带。